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Historical Highway MarkersPamunkey Indians in the Civil WarOC-37
Residents of the Pamunkey Reservation, 12 miles southeast of here, aided Union troops during the Civil War. About a dozen Pamunkey men enlisted as guides, scouts, gunboat pilots, and spies for Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign in 1862. Women and the elderly provided intelligence, shelter, safe passage, food, and supplies for Union troops. Confederate authorities pressed Pamunkey men into service as laborers and punished others for their Unionism with imprisonment at Richmond’s Castle Thunder. After the war many Pamunkey Indians won compensation from the federal Southern Claims Commission for property damaged or taken by Union soldiers.
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References/Bibliographic Citation: Bradby, Terrill [6306]. E.732, SCC Settled Case Files, Box 371 U.S. National Archives. Bradby, Thomas [15142]. E.732, SCC Settled Case Files, Box 371 U.S. National Archives. Cook, Caroline [21816]. E.732, SCC Settled Case Files, Box 371 U.S. National Archives. Langston, William [81949]. E.732, SCC Settled Case Files, Box 371 U.S. National Archives. Wheely, William [19202]. E.732, SCC Settled Case Files, Box 371 U.S. National Archives. “The Pamunkey Indians,” Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 23, 1862. “The Pamunkey Indians,” Richmond Daily Dispatch, August 1, 1862. “Local Matters. Dangerous Characters,” Richmond Daily Dispatch, August 8, 1863. Laurence M. Hauptman, “River Pilots and Swamp Guerrillas: Pamunkey and Lumbee Unionists,” in Between Two Fires: American Indians in the Civil War (New York: Free Press Paperbacks, Simon and Schuster Inc., 1995). |